Why does an acid show acidic behaviour only in water?
Answer framework: Explain ionisation and formation of H₃O⁺ ions; compare dry and moist litmus.
All Class 10 Science notes
Chapter 2 • Chemistry
Acids, Bases and Salts
Understand ions, indicators, pH, neutralisation and the preparation, properties and uses of important salts.
Core concepts checklist
Acids and bases in aqueous solution
Chemical properties with metals, carbonates and oxides
pH scale and everyday applications
Common salt as a raw material
Baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder and plaster of Paris
Formula & fact bank
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂↑
NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂
CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O
Diagrams to practise
Draw with pencil, use straight label lines, add arrows and write a precise caption.
- 1pH scale with everyday substances
- 2Chlor-alkali process
- 3Water of crystallisation comparison
CBSE examiner focus
- Dry HCl does not change dry litmus because ions need water
- Learn salt names, formulae, preparation and one use
- Relate tooth decay, soil treatment and digestion to pH
Board-style practice
Explain manufacture and uses of washing soda and baking soda.
Answer framework: Give formula, preparation equations, key property and at least two uses of each.
Turn revision into marks with Eduvista
Use this guide for recall, then practise timed answers and get feedback. Eduvista combines visual notes, NCERT clarity, board-pattern tests and personal doubt support.